How long can a criminal trial last under the Act?

The trial must be completed within 180 days from the first day of trial, unless the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court authorizes a longer period.

What kinds of delays are excluded from the trial deadline?

Delays due to other proceedings involving the accused, unavailability of the accused or essential witnesses, mental or physical incapacity, certain continuances, and procedural motions up to 30 days are excluded.

What happens if a case is not tried within the time limits?

The accused may move to dismiss the information; the accused must prove the dismissal, while the prosecution must justify any excluded time.

Can a pre‑trial agreement be used against the accused if it is not in writing?

No. An agreement or admission made at pre‑trial must be in writing and signed; otherwise it cannot be used as evidence against the accused.

What penalties can be imposed on lawyers who deliberately delay a trial?

They may be fined up to 50% of their fee (for private counsel) or up to ₱10,000 (for appointed counsel or prosecutors), and may be barred from practicing before the court for up to 30 days.

Who decides whether a continuance is allowed and what factors are considered?

The judge decides based on whether denying the continuance would make the proceeding impossible or cause a miscarriage of justice, and whether the case is unusually complex and needs more preparation time.

What are the duties of the public attorney when the accused is detained?

The public attorney must promptly seek the detainee’s presence for trial, notify the custodian to inform the detainee of the right to demand trial, and arrange temporary custody for the trial when requested.

RA 8493 - Speedy Trial Act (1998)

Philippine lawLegal status not independently verified

In brief

AI summary. Verify against the source below.

The Speedy Trial Act sets mandatory pre‑trial conferences, strict timelines for arraignment and trial, and limits the total trial period to 180 days, while allowing certain delays to be excluded. It also provides remedies and sanctions to enforce speedy proceedings.

Who it affects: It applies to all criminal cases filed in the Sandiganbayan, Regional Trial Courts, Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts.

Key provisions

Mandatory pre‑trial conference. After arraignment, the judge must hold a pre‑trial conference to discuss plea bargaining, stipulation of facts, evidence identification, waiver of objections, and any other matters that will speed a fair trial. [Section 2]
Written pre‑trial agreements. Any agreement or admission made at the pre‑trial conference must be reduced to writing and signed by the accused and counsel; otherwise it cannot be used as evidence against the accused. [Section 3]
Overall trial time limit. The entire trial must be completed within 180 days from the first day of trial, unless the Supreme Court’s Chief Justice authorizes a longer period. [Section 6]
Time limits from filing to trial. Arraignment must occur within 30 days after the information is filed or the accused appears in court. After a not‑guilty plea, the accused has at least 15 days to prepare, and trial must begin within 30 days from arraignment. [Section 7]
Excluded periods of delay. Delays caused by other proceedings involving the accused, unavailability of the accused or essential witnesses, mental or physical incapacity, continuances granted for substantial reasons, and certain procedural motions are not counted toward the trial deadline. [Section 10]
Remedy for missed trial deadline. If the case is not brought to trial within the prescribed time, the accused may move to dismiss the information; the accused bears the burden of proof, while the prosecution must prove any excluded time. [Section 13]
Sanctions for lawyers who cause delay. Counsel or prosecutors who knowingly cause delay, file frivolous motions, or make false statements to obtain continuances may be fined, have a portion of their fee withheld, or be barred from practicing before the court for up to 30 days. [Section 14]
Factors for granting a continuance. A judge may grant a continuance only if denying it would make the proceeding impossible or cause a miscarriage of justice, or if the case is unusually complex and requires more preparation time; general court congestion is not a valid reason. [Section 11]

Common questions

When must the arraignment of an accused be held?: Arraignment must be held within 30 days from the filing of the information or from the date the accused first appears in the court, whichever is later. [Section 7]
How long can a criminal trial last under the Act?: The trial must be completed within 180 days from the first day of trial, unless the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court authorizes a longer period. [Section 6]
What kinds of delays are excluded from the trial deadline?: Delays due to other proceedings involving the accused, unavailability of the accused or essential witnesses, mental or physical incapacity, certain continuances, and procedural motions up to 30 days are excluded. [Section 10]
What happens if a case is not tried within the time limits?: The accused may move to dismiss the information; the accused must prove the dismissal, while the prosecution must justify any excluded time. [Section 13]
Can a pre‑trial agreement be used against the accused if it is not in writing?: No. An agreement or admission made at pre‑trial must be in writing and signed; otherwise it cannot be used as evidence against the accused. [Section 3]
What penalties can be imposed on lawyers who deliberately delay a trial?: They may be fined up to 50% of their fee (for private counsel) or up to ₱10,000 (for appointed counsel or prosecutors), and may be barred from practicing before the court for up to 30 days. [Section 14]
Who decides whether a continuance is allowed and what factors are considered?: The judge decides based on whether denying the continuance would make the proceeding impossible or cause a miscarriage of justice, and whether the case is unusually complex and needs more preparation time. [Section 11]
What are the duties of the public attorney when the accused is detained?: The public attorney must promptly seek the detainee’s presence for trial, notify the custodian to inform the detainee of the right to demand trial, and arrange temporary custody for the trial when requested. [Section 12]

Tenth Congress

Republic Act No. 8493 February 12, 1998

AN ACT TO ENSURE A SPEEDY TRIAL OF ALL CRIMINAL CASES BEFORE THE SANDIGANBAYAN, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT, AND MUNICIPAL CIRCUIT TRIAL COURT, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

Section 1. Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Speedy Trial Act of 1998."

Section 2. Mandatory Pre-Trial in Criminal Cases. - In all cases cognizable by the Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court, Regional Trial Court, and the Sandiganbayan, the justice or judge shall, after arraignment, order a pre-trial conference to consider the following:

(a) Plea bargaining;

(b) Stipulation of Facts;

(d) Waiver of objections to admissibility of evidence; and

(e) Such other matters as will promote a fair and expeditious trial.

Section 3. Pre-Trial Agreement. - All agreements or admissions made or entered into during the pre-trial conference shall be reduced to writing and signed by the accused and counsel, otherwise the same shall not be used in evidence against the accused. The agreements in relation to matters referred to in Section 2 hereof is subject to the approval of the court: Provided, That the agreement on the plea of the accused to a lesser offense may only be revised, modified, or annulled by the court when the same is contrary to law, public morals, or public policy.

Section 4. Nonappearance at Pre-Trial Conference. - Where counsel for the accused or the prosecutor does not appear at the pre-trial conference and does not offer an acceptable excuse for his/her lack of cooperation, the pre-trial justice or judge may impose proper sanctions or penalties.

Section 5. Pre-Trial Order. - After the pre-trial conference, the court shall issue an order reciting the actions taken, the facts stipulated, and evidence marked. Such order shall bind the parties, limit the trial to matters not disposed of and control the course of action during the trial, unless modified by the court to prevent manifest injustice.

Section 6. Time Limit for Trial. - In criminal cases involving persons charged of a crime, except those subject to the Rules on Summary Procedure, or where the penalty prescribed by law does not exceed six (6) months imprisonment, or a fine of One thousand pesos (P1,000.00) or both, irrespective of other imposable penalties, the justice or judge shall, after consultation with the public prosecutor and the counsel for the accused, set the case for continuous trial on a weekly or other short-term trial calendar at the earliest possible time so as to ensure speedy trial. In no case shall the entire trial period exceed one hundred eighty (180) days from the first day of trial, except as otherwise authorized by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court pursuant to Section 3, Rule 22 of the Rules of Court.

Section 7. Time Limit Between Filing of Information and Arraignment and Between Arraignment and Trial. - The arraignment of an accused shall be held within thirty (30) days from the filing of the information, or from the date the accused has appeared before the justice, judge or court in which the charge is pending, whichever date last occurs. Thereafter, where a plea of not guilty is entered, the accused shall have at least fifteen (15) days to prepare for trial. Trial shall commence within thirty (30) days from arraignment as fixed by the court.

If the accused pleads not guilty to the crime charged, he/she shall state whether he/she interposes a negative or affirmative defense. A negative defense shall require the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt, while an affirmative defense may modify the order of trial and require the accused to prove such defense by clear and convincing evidence.

Section 8. Time Limit Following an Order for New Trial. - If the accused is to be tried again following an order of a court for a new trial, the trial shall commence within thirty (30) days from the date the order for a new trial becomes final, except that the court retrying the case may extend such period but in any case shall not exceed one hundred eighty (180) days from the date the order for a new trial becomes final if unavailability of witnesses or other factors resulting from passage of time shall make trial within thirty (30) days impractical.

Section 9. Extended Time Limit. - Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 7 of this Act, for the first twelve-calendar-month period following its effectivity, the time limit with respect to the period from arraignment to trial imposed by Section 7 of this Act shall be one hundred eighty (180) days. For the second twelve-month period the time limit shall be one hundred twenty (120) days, and for the third twelve-month period the time limit with respect to the period from arraignment to trial shall be eighty (80) days.

Section 10. Exclusions. - The following periods of delay shall be excluded in computing the time within which trial must commence:

(a) Any period of delay resulting from other proceedings concerning the accused, including but not limited to the following:

(1) delay resulting from an examination of the accused, and hearing on his/her mental competency, or physical incapacity;

(2) delay resulting from trials with respect to charges against the accused;

(3) delay resulting from interlocutory appeals;

(4) delay resulting from hearings on pre-trial motions: Provided, That the delay does not exceed thirty (30) days,

(5) delay resulting from orders of inhibition, or proceedings relating to change of venue of cases or transfer from other courts;

(6) delay resulting from a finding of the existence of a valid prejudicial question; and

(7) delay reasonably attributable to any period, not to exceed thirty (30) days, during which any proceeding concerning the accused is actually under advisement.

(b) Any period of delay resulting from the absence or unavailability of the accused or an essential witness.

For purposes of this subparagraph, an accused or an essential witness shall be considered absent when his/her whereabouts are unknown and, in addition, he/she is attempting to avoid apprehension or prosecution or his/her whereabouts cannot be determined by due diligence. An accused or an essential witness shall be considered unavailable whenever his/her whereabouts are known but his/her presence for trial cannot be obtained by due diligence or he/she resists appearing at or being returned for trial.

(c) Any period of delay resulting from the fact that the accused is mentally incompetent or physically unable to stand trial.

(d) If the information is dismissed upon motion of the prosecution and thereafter a charge is filed against the accused for the same offense, or any offense required to be joined with that offense, any period of delay from the date the charge was dismissed to the date the time limitation would commence to run as to the subsequent charge had there been no previous charge.

(e) A reasonable period of delay when the accused is joined for trial with a co-accused over whom the court has not acquired jurisdiction, or as to whom the time for trial has not run and no motion for severance has been granted.

(f) Any period of delay resulting from a continuance granted by any justice or judge motu propio or on motion of the accused or his/her counsel or at the request of the public prosecutor, if the justice or judge granted such continuance on the basis of his/her findings that the ends of justice served by taking such action outweigh the best interest of the public and the defendant in a speedy trial. No such period of delay resulting from a continuance granted by the court in accordance with this subparagraph shall be excludable under this section unless the court sets forth, in the record of the case, either orally or in writing, its reasons for finding that the ends of justice served by the granting of such continuance outweigh the best interests of the public and the accused in a speedy trial.

Section 11. Factors for Granting Continuance. - The factors, among others, which a justice or judge shall consider in determining whether to grant a continuance under subparagraph (f) of Section 10 of this Act are as follows:

(a) Whether the failure to grant such a continuance in the proceeding would be likely to make a continuation of such proceeding impossible, or result in a miscarriage of justice.

(b) Whether the case taken as a whole is so novel, so unusual and so complex, due to the number of accused or the nature of the prosecution or otherwise, that it is unreasonable to expect adequate preparation within the periods of time established by this Act.

No continuance under subparagraph (f) of Section 10 shall be granted because of general congestion of the court's calendar, or lack of diligent preparation or failure to obtain available witnesses on the part of the public prosecutor.

Section 12. Public Attorney's Duties Where Accused is Imprisoned. - If the public attorney knows that a person charged of a crime is preventively detained, either because he/she is charged of a bailable crime and has no means to post bail, or is charged of a non-bailable crime, or is serving a term of imprisonment in any penal institution, the public attorney shall promptly:

(a) Undertake to obtain the presence of the prisoner for trial, or cause a notice to be served on the person having custody of the prisoner mandating such person to so advise the prisoner of his/her right to demand trial.

(b) Upon receipt of a notice, the person having custody of the prisoner shall promptly advise the prisoner of the charge and of his/her right to demand trial. If at any time thereafter the prisoner informs the person having custody that he/she demands trial, such person shall cause notice to that effect to be sent promptly to the public attorney.

(c) Upon receipt of such notice, the public attorney shall promptly seek to obtain the presence of the prisoner for trial.

(d) When the person having custody of the prisoner receives from the public attorney a properly supported request for temporary custody of the prisoner for trial, the prisoner shall be made available to that public attorney.

Section 13. Remedy Where Accused is Not Brought to Trial Within the Time Limit. - If an accused is not brought to trial within the time limit required by Section 7 of this Act as extended by Section 9, the information shall be dismissed on motion of the accused. The accused shall have the burden of proof of supporting such motion but the prosecution shall have the burden of going forward with the evidence in connection with the exclusion of time under Section 10 of this Act.

In determining whether to dismiss the case with or without prejudice, the court shall consider, among other factors, the seriousness of the offense, the facts and circumstances of the case which led to the dismissal, and the impact of a reprosecution on the implementation of this Act and on the administration of justice. Failure of the accused to move for dismissal prior to trial or entry of a plea of guilty shall constitute a waiver of the right to dismissal under this section.

Section 14. Sanctions. - In any case in which counsel for the accused, the public prosecution or public attorney:

(a) knowingly allows the case to be set for trial without disclosing the fact that a necessary witness would be unavailable for trial;

(b) files a motion solely for the purpose of delay which he/she knows is totally frivolous and without merit;

(c) makes a statement for the purpose of obtaining continuance which he/she knows to be false and which is material to the granting of a continuance; or

(d) otherwise willfully fails to proceed to trial without justification consistent with the provisions of this Act, the court may, without prejudice to any appropriate criminal and/or administrative charges to be instituted by the proper party against the erring counsel if and when warranted, punish any such counsel or attorney, as follows:

(1) in the case of a counsel privately retained in connection with the defense of an accused, by imposing a fine not exceeding; fifty percent (50%) of the compensation to which he/she is entitled in connection with his/her defense of the accused;

(2) by imposing on any appointed counsel de officio or public prosecutor a fine not exceeding Ten thousand pesos (10,000.00); and

(3) by denying any defense counsel or public prosecutor the right to practice before the court considering the case for a period not exceeding thirty (30) days.

The authority to punish provided for by this section shall be in addition to any other authority or power available to the court. The court shall follow the procedures established in the Rules of Court in punishing any counsel or public prosecutor pursuant to this section.

Section 15. Rules and Regulations. - The Supreme Court shall promulgate rules, regulations, administrative orders and circulars which shall seek to accelerate the disposition of criminal cases. The rules, regulations, administrative orders and circulars formulated shall provide sanctions against justices and judges who willfully fail to proceed to trial without justification consistent with the provisions of this Act.

Section 16. Funding. - For the effective implementation of the rules, regulations, administrative orders and circulars promulgated under this Act, the amount of Twenty million pesos (P20,000,000.00) annually shall be appropriated from the allocation of the Supreme Court under the General Appropriations Act. Thereafter, such additional amounts as may be necessary for its continued implementation shall be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.

Section 17. Act Not a Bar to Speedy Trial Claim Under the Constitution. - No provision of this Act shall be interpreted as a bar to any claim of denial of speedy trial as required by Article III, Section 14(2) of the 1987 Constitution.

Section 18. Repealing Clause. - All laws, presidential decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.

Section 19. Separability Clause. - In case any provision of this Act is declared unconstitutional, the other provisions shall remain in effect.

Section 20. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15) days following its publication in the Official Gazette or in any newspaper of general circulation: Provided, That Section 7 of this Act shall become effective after the expiration of the aforementioned third-calendar-month period provided in Section 9 of this Act.

Approved: February 12, 1998